# Besu documentation

> Official Besu documentation: public Ethereum networks, permissioned / private networks, APIs, configuration, and operations.

This file contains links to documentation sections following the llmstxt.org standard.

## Table of Contents

- [Data storage formats](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/data-storage-formats.md): Learn about storing data using Forest of Tries and Bonsai Tries.
- [Events and logs](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/events-and-logs.md): Learn about events and logs in Besu.
- [Genesis file](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/genesis-file.md): Learn about configuring a network using the genesis file.
- [Network ID and chain ID](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/network-and-chain-id.md): Learn about network ID and chain ID in Besu.
- [Node clients](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/node-clients.md): Learn about execution and consensus clients.
- [Node keys](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/node-keys.md): Learn about node public and private keys, and the node address.
- [Node synchronization](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/node-sync.md): Learn about node synchronization for public networks.
- [Parallel transaction execution](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/parallel-transaction-execution.md): Learn about parallel transaction execution.
- [Attestations](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/proof-of-stake/attestations.md): Proof of stake attestations
- [Proof of stake consensus](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/proof-of-stake.md): Ethereum proof of stake consensus
- [Transaction pool](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/transactions/pool.md): Transaction pool overview
- [Transaction types](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/transactions/types.md): Description of the different transaction types
- [Transaction validation](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/concepts/transactions/validation.md): What transaction validation and when
- [Connect to a network overview](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/connect.md): This section provides information on connecting Besu to a public Ethereum network.
- [Connect to Mainnet](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/connect/mainnet.md): How to connect to Mainnet
- [Connect to a testnet](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/connect/testnet.md): Run Besu as an [execution client](../../concepts/node-clients.md#execution-clients) with any consensus client on the [Hoodi](https://github.com/eth...
- [Install binary distribution](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/install/binary-distribution.md): Install or upgrade Besu from binary distribution
- [Installation options](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/install.md): Options for getting started with Besu
- [Run Besu from Docker image](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/install/run-docker-image.md): Run Besu using the official docker image
- [Migrate to Besu](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/migrate-to-besu.md): Migrate to Besu from a different Ethereum execution client.
- [Start Besu](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/start-node.md): Start Besu on a public Ethereum network.
- [System requirements](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/get-started/system-requirements.md): Ensure you meet the system requirements to sync and run Besu.
- [Reduce storage for Bonsai Tries](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/bonsai-limit-trie-logs.md): Reduce the size of your database when using Bonsai Tries
- [Configure Besu](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/configure-besu.md): Specify options in the Besu configuration file.
- [Use a profile](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/configure-besu/profile.md): You can load a profile to extend Besu's [default configuration](index.md#default-configuration), using the [`--profile`](../../reference/cli/option...
- [High availability of JSON-RPC and RPC Pub/Sub APIs](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/configure-ha.md): Besu high availability
- [Sample load balancer configurations](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/configure-ha/sample-configuration.md): Sample load balancers
- [Install and update Java](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/configure-java/install-update-java.md): Install or update Java for use with Besu
- [Use Java Flight Recorder](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/configure-java/java-flight-recorder.md): Using Java Flight Recorder with Besu
- [Manage JVM memory](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/configure-java/manage-memory.md): Besu memory management
- [Pass JVM options](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/configure-java/pass-jvm-options.md): Passing Java virtual machine JVM options to Besu at runtime
- [Configure ports](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/connect/configure-ports.md): To enable communication you must expose Besu ports appropriately
- [Manage peers](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/connect/manage-peers.md): Managing Besu peers
- [Specify NAT method](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/connect/specify-nat.md): Configuring NAT with Besu
- [Configure static nodes](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/connect/static-nodes.md): Configuring static nodes
- [Use client libraries](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/develop/client-libraries.md): Besu client libraries
- [Use Hardhat](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/develop/hardhat.md): Using Besu with Hardhat
- [Import ERA1 files](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/era1-file-full-sync.md): Import pre-merge Ethereum history from ERA1 archive files when using Full sync
- [Monitor Besu](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/monitor.md): Monitoring using metrics and logging
- [Configure logging](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/monitor/logging.md): Besu log level setting and log formatting
- [Use metrics](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/monitor/metrics.md): Monitoring and metrics
- [Understand metrics](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/monitor/understand-metrics.md): Understand Besu performance metrics
- [Prune pre-merge history](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/pre-merge-history-expiry.md): Reduce the size of your database by removing pre-merge blocks from your blockchain
- [Create and send transactions](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/send-transactions.md): Send transactions using eth_call or eth_sendRawTransaction.
- [Use EVM tool](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/troubleshoot/evm-tool.md): Besu EVM tool
- [Troubleshoot peering](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/troubleshoot/peering.md): How to troubleshoot peering
- [Troubleshoot performance](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/troubleshoot/performance.md): Troubleshoot poor performance and resource constraints.
- [Trace transactions](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/troubleshoot/trace-transactions.md): How to trace transactions
- [Upgrade Besu](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/upgrade-node.md): Upgrade your Besu node to a new version.
- [Access logs using JSON-RPC](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/use-besu-api/access-logs.md): Accessing logs using the Besu API
- [Authenticate over JSON-RPC requests](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/use-besu-api/authenticate.md): Besu authentication and authorization for JSON-RPC
- [Use GraphQL over HTTP](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/use-besu-api/graphql.md): How to access the Besu API using GraphQL
- [Access the Besu API](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/use-besu-api.md): Besu API
- [Use JSON-RPC over HTTP, WS, and IPC](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/use-besu-api/json-rpc.md): How to access the Besu API using JSON-RPC
- [Use RPC Pub/Sub over WS and IPC](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/use-besu-api/rpc-pubsub.md): Using RPC Pub/Sub with Besu WebSockets and IPC
- [Use the Engine API](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/how-to/use-engine-api.md): Use the Engine API to communicate with a consensus client.
- [Public networks](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks.md): Public networks overview
- [ADMIN methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/admin.md): Besu ADMIN JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [Getters](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/debug/getters.md): Besu DEBUG JSON-RPC API getters methods reference
- [DEBUG methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/debug.md): Besu DEBUG JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [State and node methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/debug/state-node.md): Besu DEBUG JSON-RPC API state and node methods reference
- [Trace methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/debug/trace.md): Besu DEBUG JSON-RPC API trace methods reference
- [Block methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth/block.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API block methods reference
- [Client and network methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth/client.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API client and network methods reference
- [Execution methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth/execute.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API execution methods reference
- [Fee market methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth/fee.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API fee market methods reference
- [Filter and log methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth/filter.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API filter and log methods reference
- [ETH methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [State and account methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth/state.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API state and account methods reference
- [Submit methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth/submit.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API submit methods reference
- [Transaction methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/eth/transaction.md): Besu ETH JSON-RPC API transaction methods reference
- [Besu JSON-RPC API reference](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api.md): Besu JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [MINER methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/miner.md): Besu MINER JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [NET methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/net.md): Besu NET JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [PLUGINS methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/plugins.md): Besu PLUGINS JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [TRACE methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/trace.md): Besu TRACE JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [TXPOOL methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/txpool.md): Besu TXPOOL JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [WEB3 methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/api/web3.md): Besu WEB3 JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [Options](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/cli/options.md): Besu command line interface reference
- [Subcommands](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/cli/subcommands.md): Besu command line interface subcommands
- [Security disclosure policy](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/disclosure.md): Besu responsible disclosure statement
- [Engine API](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/engine-api.md): Engine API methods reference
- [EVM tool options](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/evm-tool.md): Besu EVM tool options reference
- [Genesis file items](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/genesis-items.md): Genesis file configuration items reference
- [Projects using Besu](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/reference/projects-using-besu.md): List of projects using Besu
- [Deploy AWS Node Runners](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/tutorials/aws-node-runners.md): Configure Ethereum nodes using AWS Blockchain Node Runners.
- [Run Besu and Teku on Mainnet](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/tutorials/besu-teku-mainnet.md): Run Besu and Teku on Ethereum Mainnet.
- [Run Besu and Teku on a testnet](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/tutorials/besu-teku-testnet.md): Run Besu and Teku on Ephemery, Hoodi, or Sepolia testnet.
- [Deploy Besu using Kubernetes](https://docs.besu-eth.org/public-networks/tutorials/kubernetes.md): Deploy a Besu node using Kubernetes.
- [Concepts](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/concepts.md): private networks concepts overview
- [Node synchronization for private networks](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/concepts/node-sync-private.md): Learn about node synchronization for private networks.
- [Permissioning](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/concepts/permissioning.md): Besu permissioning feature
- [Proof of authority consensus](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/concepts/poa.md): Besu proof of authority consensus protocols comparison
- [Privacy with Paladin](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/concepts/privacy-with-paladin.md): Learn about the Paladin privacy domains, their trust models, and how factory contracts coordinate privacy on a Besu network.
- [Install binary distribution](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/get-started/install/binary-distribution.md): Install or upgrade Besu from binary distribution
- [Installation options](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/get-started/install.md): Options for getting started with Besu
- [Run Besu from Docker image](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/get-started/install/run-docker-image.md): Run Besu using the official docker image
- [Start Besu](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/get-started/start-node.md): Start Besu on a private Ethereum network.
- [System requirements](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/get-started/system-requirements.md): Ensure you meet the system requirements to sync and run Besu.
- [Backup and restore](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/backup.md): Backing up and restoring Besu
- [Bootnodes](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/bootnodes.md): Configuring bootnodes
- [Add and remove validators without voting](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/consensus/add-validators-without-voting.md): How to add or remove validators without voting
- [IBFT 2.0](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/consensus/ibft.md): Besu IBFT 2.0 proof of authority (PoA) consensus protocol implementation
- [Consensus protocols](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/consensus.md): Besu consensus protocols
- [QBFT](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/consensus/qbft.md): Besu QBFT proof of authority (PoA) consensus protocol implementation
- [Pre-deploy a contract](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/contracts.md): Pre-deploying contracts in the genesis file
- [Alternative elliptic curves](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/curves.md): Using alternative elliptic curves in Besu
- [Free gas network](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/free-gas.md): Configuring free gas networks
- [Client and server TLS](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/tls.md): Besu supports TLS for client communication. For example, you can configure TLS for communication between [Web3Signer](https://docs.web3signer.conse...
- [Validators](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/configure/validators.md): Configuring validators in production networks
- [Use Ansible](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/deploy/ansible.md): Deploying Besu with Ansible role on Galaxy
- [Deploy to the cloud](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/deploy/cloud.md): Deploying Besu to the cloud
- [Use Ethstats network monitor](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/deploy/ethstats.md): Ethstats network monitor
- [Use Kubernetes](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/deploy/kubernetes.md): Deploying Besu with Kubernetes
- [How to](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to.md): Private networks how to overview
- [Use Chainlens Explorer](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/monitor/chainlens.md): Use Chainlens Explorer on a Besu network
- [Use Elastic Stack](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/monitor/elastic-stack.md): Using Elastic Stack (ELK) with Besu
- [Monitoring](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/monitor.md): Monitoring using metrics and logging
- [Use Grafana Loki](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/monitor/loki.md): Using Grafana Loki log management platform with Besu
- [Use OpenTelemetry](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/monitor/opentelemetry.md): Collect Besu information with the OpenTelemetry Collector
- [Use Splunk](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/monitor/splunk.md): Send Besu logs to Splunk
- [Create and send transactions](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/send-transactions.md): private networks send transactions overview
- [Include revert reason](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/send-transactions/revert-reason.md): Including revert reason in transactions with Besu
- [Upgrade](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/upgrade.md): Upgrading protocol versions
- [Use local permissioning](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/how-to/use-local-permissioning.md): Besu local permissioning
- [Private networks](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks.md): Private networks overview
- [Accounts for testing](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/reference/accounts-for-testing.md): Ethereum accounts used for Besu testing only on private networks
- [IBFT methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/reference/api/ibft.md): Besu IBFT JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [Private network JSON-RPC API methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/reference/api.md): Besu private network JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [PERM methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/reference/api/perm.md): Besu PERM JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [QBFT methods](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/reference/api/qbft.md): Besu QBFT JSON-RPC API methods reference
- [Private network options](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/reference/cli/options.md): Besu private networks CLI reference
- [Private network subcommands](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/reference/cli/subcommands.md): Besu command line interface subcommands
- [Reference](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/reference.md): private networks reference overview
- [Deploy using Microsoft Azure](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/azure.md): Deploy a private IBFT 2.0 network using Microsoft Azure.
- [Deploy a smart contract](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/contracts.md): deploying smart contracts
- [Interact with a deployed contract](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/contracts/interact.md): calling smart contracts functions
- [Transfer account funds](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/contracts/transfer-funds.md): funds transfer transactions
- [Create a private network using IBFT 2.0](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/ibft.md): Besu private network using the IBFT 2.0 (Proof of Authority) consensus protocol
- [Add and removing IBFT 2.0 validators](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/ibft/validators.md): Adding and removing IBFT 2.0 validators
- [Deploy charts](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/kubernetes/charts.md): Deploying Besu Helm Charts for a Kubernetes cluster
- [Create a cluster](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/kubernetes/cluster.md): Create a cluster for deployment
- [Deploy a Besu private network with Kubernetes](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/kubernetes.md): Deploying Besu with Kubernetes
- [Maintenance](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/kubernetes/maintenance.md): Maintenance for Besu on a Kubernetes cluster
- [Deploy Besu across multiple Kubernetes clusters across multiple cloud providers](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/kubernetes/multi-cluster.md): Deploy Besu across multiple Kubernetes clusters across multiple cloud providers
- [Local playground](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/kubernetes/playground.md): Deploying a Besu private network locally with Kubernetes
- [Production](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/kubernetes/production.md): Deploying Besu Helm Charts for production on a Kubernetes cluster
- [Use the Quorum Explorer](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/kubernetes/quorum-explorer.md): Using the Quorum Explorer on a Kubernetes cluster
- [Create a permissioned network](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/permissioning.md): Besu create a permissioned network
- [Create a QBFT network](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/qbft.md): Create a private network using the QBFT consensus protocol.
- [Developer Quickstart with privacy](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/quickstart-with-privacy.md): Rapidly generate a local blockchain network with privacy using the Quickstart.
- [Developer Quickstart](https://docs.besu-eth.org/private-networks/tutorials/quickstart.md): Rapidly generate a local blockchain network using the Quickstart.
- [Test_accounts](https://docs.besu-eth.org/global/test_accounts.md): :::danger **Do not use the test accounts on Ethereum Mainnet or any production network.**
- [Plugin lifecycle](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/get-started/plugin-lifecycle.md): Understand the Besu plugin lifecycle.
- [Quickstart](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/get-started/quickstart.md): Create and run a minimal Besu plugin.
- [Configure a plugin](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/how-to/configure-a-plugin.md): Add CLI options and read Besu configuration.
- [Deploy a plugin](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/how-to/deploy-a-plugin.md): Build and deploy a plugin.
- [Set up a plugin project](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/how-to/set-up-a-plugin.md): Set up, implement, and register a plugin.
- [Test a plugin](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/how-to/test-a-plugin.md): Run unit tests and startup integration tests.
- [Troubleshoot](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/how-to/troubleshoot.md): Troubleshoot common issues.
- [Besu plugins](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins.md): Learn how Besu plugins extend Besu functionality.
- [Resources](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/reference/resources.md): See additional resources for Besu plugins.
- [Chain state and simulation](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/services/chain-state-simulation.md): Read chain state and simulate transactions.
- [Consensus and validator queries](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/services/consensus-validator-queries.md): Query PoA validator information.
- [Custom RPC endpoints](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/services/custom-rpc-endpoints.md): Add custom JSON-RPC endpoints.
- [Events and metrics](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/services/events-and-metrics.md): Observe Besu activity and expose plugin metrics.
- [Execution tracing and debugging](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/services/execution-tracing-debugging.md): Trace execution and build debugging plugins.
- [Permissioning and peers](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/services/permissioning-peers.md): Extend permissioning and peer-related behavior.
- [Security module](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/services/security-module.md): Integrate custom signing and security modules.
- [Transaction pool, selection, and validation](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/services/transaction-pool-selection-validation.md): Extend transaction pool, selection, and validation behavior.
- [Detect privately built transactions](https://docs.besu-eth.org/plugins/tutorials/detect-privately-built-transactions.md): Build an end-to-end Besu plugin that flags transactions that never appeared in the public mempool.